What is a Stepper Motor?
A stepper motor including nema 8 stepper motor and nema 11 stepper motor are synchronous, brushless motor that runs on a pulsed current, where each pulse turns a rotor some fraction of a full rotation. Servo motors typically satisfy a wider range of applications, particularly when precision motion is needed, but stepper motors can be a useful alternative, depending on the application.
Stepper motors are rugged, economical and well-suited for digital drives and applications without close-loop feedback. They are typically used for spinning-disk hard drives, printers, robotics, CNC machine tools and more.
Stepper Motors 101: How Do They Work?
A stepper motor consists of a central rotor surrounded by a stator that contains a varying number of windings, depending on the model of stepper motor. To induce motion, these windings are energized, becoming electromagnets with a polarity determined by the direction of the current.
Typically, these directions include north poles and south poles. When a winding is energized, a rotor is forced to turn until a rotor’s north pole is positioned in proximity to a winding’s south pole, bringing torque down to zero. This constitutes one step.
For motion to continue, the first set of windings must be de-energized and another set energized. The result is another step.
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